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An NO2 signature in the vicinity of 3 broadcast towers in Walnut California has been discovered producing a perfectly round spot of NO2 from outside of the city away from conventional NO2 sources.

...read more

Dear Colleagues,

The Swedish Institute of Space Physics have already shown that radio waves from broadcast transmitters can stimulate a known ozone depletion mechanism and warned that broadcast on a global scale is a major public concern.

Broadcast Theory explores this connection between our historic use of broadcast frequencies and the global climate.

“The processes in this transition region connect the solar and magnetospheric effects with the atmospheric response which, in fact, determine space weather in the Earth’s environment. This region is also the part of the Earth’s atmosphere where electromagnetic radiation from natural sources such as lightnings, and artificial sources such as radio, TV and radar transmitters, exhibit resonance and other interaction phenomena. The impact of these natural and man-made effects on the Earth’s space environment are of major public concern.”

T I P E R - Transmitter Induced Precipitation of Electron Radiance

can contribute to climate change in 3 ways

1 Direct heating: VLF & AM broadcast band gyrofrequency (630kHz ~ 1.45MHz ~ 1630kHz) creates

ionospheric turbulence causing electron precipitation aka >

2 Ozone Depletion: TIPER increases lightning & produce NOx in the polar & equatorial region depleting ozone as much as CFC's or solar proton events, yet are always ON!

3 CO2: Ozone depletion increases UV rays heating greenhouse gases GHGs like CO2

Power used by transmitters also generate GHGs like CO2 ...read more

Predicted ozone anomaly occurred as analog broadcast switched to digital! The beginning of UKs switch from analog to digital broadcast caused plasma waves to travel south along the magnetic field lines resulting in a trail of electron precipitation, NO2 production and an ozone depletion anomaly. ...read more

“At HF frequencies, the broadcasting stations utilize powerful transmitters which can heat the ionosphere and change the temperature and the density. All these wave dissipations in the ionosphere could participate to the global warming of the Earth because the change in global temperature increases the number of natural lightning discharges in the atmosphere. Then the supplementary lightning discharges produce more magnetospheric whistlers which could produce heating and ionization in the lower ionosphere.

Furthermore, it is a feedback mechanism because two different processes could be involved. First, lightning is a source of NOx, and NOx affects the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere which contributes to the greenhouse effect. Second, precipitation of energetic electrons by man?made waves may trigger other lightning discharges.”

Global Digital Television Switchover : 2000 - 2023

As the world switches from analogue to digital television, we will down shift our global RF power output in the largest shift since FM broadcast likely causing shifts and ripples in the stratospheric ozone and climate system

Welcome to a revolutionary perspective on climate change where

we take a fresh look at how broadcast effects our environment and look at the facts with a clear mind and a new perspective. Within this website we consider how broadcast energy interacts electrically with the ionosphere, which translates to a chemical reaction resulting in the depletion of global and polar ozone.

Broadcast Theory compiles scientific data going back over 30 years and traces the path of energy from the broadcast transmitter to its effects on ozone depletion through electron precipitation - EEP. It takes into consideration the most recent studies that different frequencies have on electron precipitation and combines the physics of this process with historic broadcast and weather records to show how broadcast frequencies may contribute to climate change via stratospheric EEP-NOx and ozone depletion.

Anthropogenic Space Weather ~ NASA satellites detect VLF bubble around planet!

A pair of NASA space probes have detected an artificial bubble around Earth that forms when radio communications from the ground interact with high-energy radiation particles in space, the agency announced this week. The bubble forms a protective barrier around Earth, shielding the planet from potentially dangerous space weather, like solar flares and other ejections from the sun.

When humans want to communicate with submarines near the surface of the ocean, they use a type of radio communication known as very low frequency waves, or VLF, transmitted from stations on the ground. Some of the waves can stretch all the way out into Earth’s atmosphere and beyond, where they affect the movement of the radiation particles bouncing around in the region. Sometimes, the interaction between VLF and these particles creates a barrier that can be seen by spacecraft orbiting the planet.

EEP-NOx: Missing driver in the Sun–Earth connection from energetic electron precipitation impacts mesospheric ozone

"Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the Earth's outer radiation belt continuously affects the chemical composition of the polar mesosphere. EEP can contribute to catalytic ozone loss in the mesosphere through ionization and enhanced production of odd hydrogen. However, the long-term mesospheric ozone variability caused by EEP has not been quantified or confirmed to date.

Here we show, using observations from three different satellite instruments, that EEP events strongly affect ozone at 60–80 km, leading to extremely large (up to 90%) short-term ozone depletion. This impact is comparable to that of large, but much less frequent, solar proton events. On solar cycle timescales, we find that EEP causes ozone variations of up to 34% at 70–80 km. With such a magnitude, it is reasonable to suspect that EEP could be an important part of solar influence on the atmosphere and climate system."

On November 2, scientists from NOAA and NASA reported that the maximum size of the 2018 ozone hole over the Antarctic was slightly above average.

According to the report, this year’s ozone hole reached an average area coverage of 8.83 million square miles (22.9 square km), almost three times the size of the contiguous United States. It ranks 13th largest out of 40 years of NASA satellite observations.

Since the WMO Ozone Depletion report 58 came out in July 2018 claiming signs of repair due to the Montreal Protocol.. we continue to see conflicting reports saying that all areas of our ozone layer are still getting worse. According to NASA satellites, the Antarctic hole is worse this year and mid latitudes continue to thin over populated areas.

REP - Relativistic Electron Precipitation

AARDDVARK Website

EEP - Energetic Electron Precipitation

Wikipedia

EPP - Energetic Particle Precipitation

Middle Atmosphere Group

- University of Colorado Boulder

Auroral Zone 1966

TIPER - Transmitter Induced Precipitation of Electron Radiance

VLF Stanford University

“Already in the mid 1970's it was discovered, somewhat unexpectedly, that electromagnetic radiation from ground-based HF radio transmitters can, if powerful enough, create irregularities in the otherwise smooth overhead ionosphere. These “artificial” irregularities have scale lengths ranging from meters to tens of kilometers and are the result of the nonlinear and turbulent interaction of the radiation with the ionospheric plasma (Robinson, 1989).

Since the power density required for the excitation of such irregularities are comparable to those emitted by today's major HF broadcasting stations, there is a growing concern about the possible harmful impact on the Earth's upper atmosphere by such human activities on the ground.”

TIPER ~ Transmitter-Induced Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons

Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves propagating in the magnetosphere are capable of interacting with trapped energetic electrons to remove them from the radiation belts. VLF waves propagating in the whistler mode can efficiently change the bouncing motion of energetic electrons if a certain gyroresonance condition is met between the wave and the particle's motion. A particle's motion can be modified so that instead of remaining trapped in the magnetic bottle of the magnetosphere, it precipitates upon the upper atmosphere where it collidea with the neutral particle population and lose its energy.

Both experimental and model studies of long-term climate changes above Antarctica continent indicate presence of strong climate warming at the region around the Antarctic peninsula which differs significantly from the climate tendency in other parts of Antarctica. This warming is the most intense on the Earth together with similar regions of warming located in Alaska and in North-East Siberia. Another climatic anomaly in this region is a giant spot of the open water (polynya) which does not freeze in wintertime. Up to now all attempts to explain these phenomena by the traditional meteorological factors turned out to be inadequate.

It is shown in this paper that the region of intense global warming around Antarctic peninsula precisely coincides with a stable maximum of energetic electron precipitation (E > 1 MeV) from the Earth radiation belt. Depth of penetration of these particles into atmosphere could be as low as 20-40 km.

Energetic resources of this phenomenon are quite sufficient in order to supply input of thermal energy capable to warm atmosphere in this region. ...read more

DEMETER Satellite Observation of Naval VLF Transmitter increasing EEP ~430 times above background levels!

DEMETER Observations of NWC‐Produced DLC Enhancements

The powerful U.S. Navy transmitter with call sign “NWC” (19.8 kHz, 1 MW radiated power, North West Cape, Australia, L = 1.45) is extremely well positioned to have a potential influence upon >100 keV electrons in the inner radiation belt; recent studies have confirmed that transmissions from this station lead to significant increases in drift loss cone energetic electron fluxes measured by low‐ Earth‐orbiting spacecraft [Sauvaud et al., 2008; Gamble et al., 2008].

When contrasted with periods when NWC is nonoperational, there are typically ∼430 times more 100–260 keV electrons present in the drift loss cone across L = 1.67–1.9 due to NWC transmissions [Gamble et al., 2008].